Talmud

The Tosafot

The Tosafists continued the conversation with their glosses on the text of the Talmud.

Jewish Texts

Is anything written by a Jew a Jewish text, and who decides?

Talmud is Not a Code of Law

In working out the ideas behind the statements of the rabbis, the Talmud serves not as a law code but as a work of Jewish legal theory.

Talmudic Curses and Insults

Before there was Shakespeare, there were some angry rabbis.

Children of Nachshon

Liberation comes only to the courageous.

Mishnah and Tosefta

These two texts both shaped Rabbinic Judaism. But which came first?

Valuing Debate and Conversation

Jewish tradition, informed by the precedent of the Talmud, prefers to promote discussion rather than correctness.

The Mishnah as a Response to Catastrophe

The Oral Torah reflects an attempt to create an eternal Judaism, unaffected by the setbacks that had afflicted the Jewish people in the preceding two centuries.

Talmudic Thinking

Monotheism and the sanctification of the trivial

The Written Torah and the Oral Torah

According to Jewish tradition, two Torahs were received on Mount Sinai -- one written, and one passed down orally for generations.

Rabbinic Sources on Circumcision

A selection of laws and stories about brit milah.