Norman Roth

Daily relations between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages.

The profitable money business between Jews and Christians often became tense.

A survey of Church issues relevant to Jews, including papal attitudes and actions and the enactments of ecclesiastical councils

In Muslim countries, Jewish boys learned the whole range of Jewish and secular subjects.

The seizure of power in the Maghreb by a fanatical sect disrupted the relations between Muslims and Jews.

European Christians regulated Jewish commerce.

Manuscript illustrations, family seals, and rabbinic decisions all indicate that Jewish men in most of medieval Christian Europe wore special hats.

For the most part, Jews dressed like their neighbors. But some trends were outlawed by rabbis.

Jewish boys in Christian countries studied Jewish texts from an early age.

Scholar Norman Roth questions whether the idea of the medieval Church makes sense as a category of analysis for Jewish history.