Louis Jacobs

America's largest Jewish denomination, Reform began in 19th-century Germany.

The second-largest Jewish denomination in the U.S. maintains that Jewish law remains binding, but is open to adaptions that reflect modern realities.

The development and expansion of the Jewish Enlightenment.

Originating in 18th-century Germany, this movement of "maskilim" sought to integrate Jewish ideas and Jews into Western society.

A review of the life, thought, and work of this influential 20th-century existentialist thinker and Jewish educator.

Modern Jewish denominations emerge over time.

Modernization and its discontents.

How Jewish thinkers over the ages have explained the importance of ritual circumcision.

Early Jewish writers were more concerned with the randomness of suffering than with its actual existence.

A concept that accounts for suffering, but also contributes to the problem of its existence.