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Free Will Problem in Judaism

The idea that God controls the world, determining the trajectory and details of its history, is strong in Judaism and is one of the theological issues that contributes to the Jewish problem of free will.

Reinterpreting Tefillin

Some interpretations of the meaning of tefillin have faded, and others have been invented to take their place.

Jewish Theology of Business Ethics

Themes and Theology of Business Ethics in the Jewish Tradition. Jewish Business Ethics. Jewish Work and Commerce.

The Free Will Problem: Medieval Approaches

In the Middle Ages, Jewish thinkers struggled to reconcile God's knowledge of the future with human choice.

Modern Jewish Philosophy

Jewish thought in modern times has been shaped by radically new political realities.

The Free Will Problem: Early Solutions

Biblical and rabbinic sources stress both divine determinism and human freedom.

Hardened Hearts: Removing Free Will

The Bible records several problematic instances of God hardening human hearts, seemingly stripping them of free will.

Divine Providence

According to some thinkers, God only watches over people in a general way; according to others, divine providence extends to the minute details of life.

Ruth and Lovingkindness

Rabbinic tradition sees her as a virtuous woman who is rewarded for her behavior.

Preventing Dependency

"Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime." How many fish do we buy, and how many nets?

Jewish Business Ethics in Practice

Jewish Business Ethics in Practice. Judaism and Business Ethics. Jewish Work and Commerce.

Jewish Moneylending

The profitable money business between Jews and Christians often became tense.