europe

The tiny Jewish communities of the Nordic countries have been sustained by regular arrivals of Jews fleeing persecution elsewhere.

For hundreds of years, Jews were restricted to one small quarter of the city, giving rise to the term ‘ghetto.’

The history of Jews in Europe and the early Zionist movement show ample examples of the convergence of sports and Judaism. By Michael Brenner

From 1600 to the 20th century.

Pirates and plague loomed, and prized possessions sold for a pittance.

Medieval European Jewry repeatedly faced banishment for both economic and religious reasons.

Amsterdam became a haven for Jewish refugees from the Inquisition.

Medieval Jews found religious tolerance and economic opportunity in Poland

The accumulation of disasters in the Middle Ages--expulsions, crusades, and the Black Death, to name a few--inspired a steady stream of Jewish immigration to the Holy Land.