Sages & Scholars

Samson Raphael Hirsch: The Father of Neo-Orthodoxy

The 19th-century rabbi who shaped a modern Orthodox community in bridging traditional practice and Enlightenment thinking.

The Mystics of Safed

Joseph Caro and Moses Cordovero, icons of Safed mysticism, elaborated on the teachings of the Zohar.

Franz Rosenzweig and the Founding of the Lehrhaus

A review of the life, thought, and work of this influential 20th-century existentialist thinker and Jewish educator.

Gershom Scholem & the Study of Mysticism

The academic study of Jewish mysticism was established by a single, ground-breaking scholar.

Maimonides’ Ladder of Tzedakah

The best forms of charity make the recipient self-sufficient.

The Wisdom of Etty Hillesum

The Dutch Holocaust victim wrote: “Ultimately what matters most is to bear the pain, to cope with it, and to keep a small corner of one’s soul unsullied, come what may.”

Radbaz (Rabbi David Ben Zimra)

Talmud scholar, Kabbalist and longtime chief rabbi of Egypt.

Israel Salanter

Founder of the Mussar Movement stressed the ethical demands of the Torah.

Levi Yitzhak of Berditchev

The most lovable figure in Hasidic folklore.

Jacob Ben Asher, the Ba’al Haturim

The author of the Arba'ah Turim set the stage for Joseph Caro's Shulchan Aruch.

Isaiah Horowitz

The Holy Shelah's great work influenced Hasidism.

Hasdai Crescas

14th-century Spanish philosopher who defended Judaism against Christianity.