Shmuel Ettinger

Historian Shmuel Ettinger was the head of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History at Hebrew University until his death in 1998.

Articles by Shmuel Ettinger

Israel History

The Balfour Declaration of 1917

A landmark in efforts to secure a Jewish state.

Modern Jewish History

Jewish Emigration in the 19th Century

Migration--within and from Europe--as a decisive factor in Jewish life.

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Jewish Emancipation and Enlightenment

How Enlightenment ideals in Europe created the potential for Jewish citizenship.

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Modern Jewish History

Jewish Socialism in Russia

The organization and development of the Bund, the General Union of Jewish Workers.