Special Topics

The Denominations of Judaism                    

History, beliefs, and practices of modern Judaism's major movements

 

 

To go to a specific topic on this page, choose from the menu below:

 

 

Conservative

Orthodox

Reform

 

 

 

 

 

Cross-Denominational

Hasidism

Reconstructionist

Renewal

Secular Humanist

Key to Images

 

 

Conservative

History

How the Middle Became a Movement

The first 100 years of Conservative Judaism  

 

Solomon Schechter

Influential scholar and president of the Jewish Theological Seminary

 

Conservative Judaism Today

Smaller but more committed, with vibrant, sometimes divisive debate

Thought & Practice

Conservative Views of Jewish Law

Tradition and change

 

Two Views on End of Life

Conservative positions on living wills

 

Inviting Conservative Teachers to the Sukkah

A new ushpizin, the tradition of inviting historic figures to the sukkah

 

The Holocaust Scroll

A liturgy for Yom Hashoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day)

 

Accepting Commandments

A Conservative view of conversion

 

Orthodox (Modern)

History

Orthodox Judaism History

The roots and wings of Judaism’s most traditional branch.

 

Samson Raphael Hirsch

The Father of neo-Orthodoxy

 

American Orthodoxy, Part 1

Orthodox Judaism in America from colonial times to World War II

 

American Orthodoxy, Part 2

Orthodox Judaism in America since World War II

 

Today's Orthodox Judaism

Rising numbers and increasingly stringent observance

 

Orthodoxy's Future in America

An analysis of the challenges facing the movement

The Gay Orthodox Underground

Efforts to confront the conflicts between homosexuality and traditional Jewish life.

Thought & Practice

Orthodoxy & Jewish Law

Contemporary attitudes toward halakhah

 

Separate Seating in Synagogue

The mehitzah--a divider separating men and women at prayer

 

Chosenness & Modern Orthodoxy

The bases of Jewish distinctness

 

The Future of American Orthodoxy

Challenges facing Orthodox Judaism in America

 

Leniency Within Orthodoxy on Conversion

Marriage as a motivation for conversion

 

Critical Talmud Study In an Orthodox Context

A call for modern, critical study methods in the world of Orthodox Talmud study

 

Orthodox Judaism Grapples With Bat Mitzvah

Girls have become the educational equals of boys

 

Orthodox Feminism for the 21st Century

A founder of the Orthodox feminist movement discusses issues confronting the movement

 

The Yoke of Commandment

An Orthodox view of conversion

 

Right to Die?

A traditionalist perspective on living wills

 

Reform

History

Reforming Judaism

Origins and early development of Reform Judaism

 

The Pittsburgh Platform (1885)

Principles of Reform Judaism: A primary historical document

 

Isaac Mayer Wise

The architect of American Reform Judaism

 

Early Opposition to Zionism

Reform Judaism saw the early Zionist movement as a threat.

 

Reform Judaism Today

Balancing tradition and innovation in the 21st century

 

A Worship Revolution

A call for more Hebrew, rituals, and joyful participation

Thought & Practice

Reform Views of Jewish Law

Seeking guidance from tradition, without a belief in its binding nature

 

Approaches to the Reform of Jewish Liturgy

Changing prayers to fit modern sensibilities

 

Living Wills

End of life issues in Reform teaching

 

Men's Head Covering In Synagogue

Changing ideas about whether men should wear a yarmulke during prayer

 

Guidelines for Working With Potential Converts

A traditional framework, with modern modifications

 

Secularization of the Jewish Mission

Reviving the idea of Jewish mission

 

The Miami Platform (1997)

A Reform declaration of Zionistic belief

 

Pittsburgh Platform (1999)

New guidelines on God, Torah, and Israel

 

Balancing a Concern for Gay Rights With a Commitment to Jewish Texts

The nature of the Jewish marriage ceremony from a Reform perspective

 

Do Same-Sex Unions Count as Jewish Marriage?

Exploring whether Jewish marriage can be applied to same-sex relationships

 

Condoning Gay Marriage

Support for rabbis who wish to officiate at same-sex weddings

 

Accepting the Commandments

A Reform view of conversion

 

 

Cross-Denominational

Emergence of Denominations (Part I)

Modernity and the formation of the Reform movement

 

Emergence of Denominations (Part 2)

Orthodox, Conservative, and Reconstructionist Judaism take shape.

 

State of the Denominations

An overview of the contemporary scene

 

Denominational Differences on Conversion

Basic disagreements in philosophy and belief.

 

Differing Holiday Lengths

Why some Jews celebrate holidays for longer than others

 

Links: Jewish Movements

Links to denominational websites

 

Hasidism

History

Hasidism: Early History

The founding and flourishing of a movement

 

Hasidism's Opponents

Social, theological and cultural disagreements

 

The Baal Shem Tov

Founder of Hasidism

 

Chabad Today

The Lubavitcher movement continues to grow, despite the death of the Rebbe

Thought & Practice

Hasidic Ideas

Not a homogenous philosophy, but certain ideas are common

 

Literature of/on Hasidism

The Hasidim wrote and told stories about their leaders.

 

Denial of Free Will

To some Hasidic thinkers, human free will is an illusion

 

Hasidic Prayer

Ecstatic prayer reflecting the rediscovery of God's presence in the world.

 

The Third of Tammuz

Remembering the Lubavitcher Rebber

Reconstructionist

History

The Fourth Dimension

A philosophy not at first designed to be a denomination.

 

Mordecai Kaplan

One of the 20th century's most prominent Jewish thinkers

 

For the 21st Century

Reconstructionist Judaism matures under new leadership.

Thought & Practice

Post-Halakhic Judaism

Jewish law gets "a vote, but not a veto."

 

Rejecting Chosenness

Believing the idea only serves to divide

 

Egalitarian Divorce Options

A woman-initiated get (bill of divorce) and a mutual get.

 

Renewal

History

Renewing Judaism

An introduction to the Jewish Renewal movement

Thought & Practice

The Divine Feminine

Finding meaning in under-appreciated mystical texts

 

Holiday Guided Meditation

For Rosh Hashanah, focusing on the year that's ending

 

Secular Humanistic Judaism

History

History of the Movement

Embracing cultural identity while rejecting belief in God

 

Judaism Without God

Challenges & opportunities for the movement

Thought & Practice

A Rabbi's Journey

A rabbi explains why he chose Humanistic Judaism

 

Rejecting God

Humans are at the center of this denomination.

A Humanist Bat Mitzvah

A nontraditional path to adult Jewish identity

 

Images

Key to the photos at the top of this page:

  • The Conservative Yeshiva in Jerusalem (left)
  • Elat Chayyim, a Renewal retreat center (center, top)
  • Camp JRF, Reconstructionist summer camp (center, bottom)
  • Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the late Lubavitcher Rebbe (right)