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Attribution of human characteristics to God. Frequently anthropomorphic terms
were used in Scripture; yet the desire to distance Jewish belief from such
terminology was apparent in the biblical emendations of the scribes. Such a process also filtered
into the early translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic and Greek - here the concept of the word of God was
frequently added to the text. Hellenistic
thought, as represented by the writings of the first-century philosopher Philo, was devoid of such
anthropomorphic terminology. Nonetheless, in rabbinic sources anthropomorphic
expressions were frequently employed to describe God's nature and activity. In
this connection, the mystical text Shiur
Komah ('Measurement of Stature') contains references to God's body. In the
writings of medieval Jewish philosophers such as Moses Maimonides, however, there was a conscious rejection of such
descriptions. According to these writers, God is incorporeal. However, despite
the influence of these thinkers, anthropomorphic expressions were introduced
into kabbalistic texts.
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